Getting the Facts on STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), usually transmitted through sexual contact, include diseases such as AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, genital warts, and syphilis. Despite the fact that all STDs can be prevented, and most can be cured, more than 12 million people in the US are infected each year.

If left untreated, STDs can have serious side effects, including sterility, brain damage, heart disease, birth defects, increased risk for some types of cancer, and death.

STDs are transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, vaginal secretions, or semen, and the contact of infected skin or mucous membranes (i.e.: sores in the mouth).

Exposure to infected body fluids can also occur through vaginal, anal or oral sex, performed without the use of proper latex condoms. Exposure also takes place through the sharing of needles or syringes for drug use, ear piercing and tattooing.

Safe alternatives to vaginal, anal, or oral sex do exist. Abstinence is the only sure way to avoid getting an STD. Masturbation with a partner (on unbroken skin) or alone can provide sexual pleasure safely.

Latex condoms should always be used during sex, since they are the only condoms believed to provide effective protection against STDs. However, even condoms are not 100 percent effective. Birth control pills, diaphragms, sponges, and other contraceptives do not prevent STDs.

Individuals who think that they have been exposed to an STD should have regular physical exams and ask their physicians for an STD test.

Symptoms of STDs may include sores or blisters on or around the sex organs or mouth, pain or burning during urination, discharge from the penis or vagina that smells or looks unusual, itching, swelling, or pain in or around the sex organs. It is important to remember that many STDs have no symptoms, especially in women.

Proper medical treatment should begin immediately after a person is diagnosed with an STD. Home remedies do not work.

Sexual intercourse should not take place until the physician informs the patients, so reinfection does not take place and the disease is not transmitted to others.

Individuals infected with an STD should always follow the treatment plan and finish all medications. They should also do follow up exams to make sure that treatment was effective.

Information provided by the Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Program at the NYC Department of Health. For more information on STDs, call 212-427-5120.

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